Perfil genético clínico da deficiência mental: estudo retrospectivo dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de genética do Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba entre 2000-2010
Resumo
A deficiência mental é um dos distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos mais complexos. Essa deficiência é de grande preocupação para a saúde pública e a sociedade, pois é estimada para ocorrer em 1% a 10% da população, e as pesquisas sobre sua etiologia tem sido sempre desafio na área da saúde. Essa deficiência se caracteriza por uma manifestação variável e heterogênea de disfunção do sistema nervoso central. O indivíduo afetado representa um bloqueio que limita as capacidades de aprendizado, a habilidade de auto-expressão, liberdade de movimentos e realização de tarefas. Dentre as causas de deficiência mental a maior parte dela está relacionada a fatores genéticos. A síndrome do cromossomo X frágil (SXF) é a forma mais freqüente, mais pesquisada e melhor documentada de deficiência mental herdável em seres humanos, contribuindo para 15-20% dos casos de deficiência mental ligada ao cromossomo X. Já a trissomia do cromossomo 21, que causa a síndrome de Down, a mais freqüente alteração genética responsável por deficiência mental, que afeta 1 entre 700 nascidos vivos. Este trabalho pretende traçar o perfil genético clínico dos pacientes com deficiência mental atendidos no ambulatório de Genética do Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba entre 2000 - 2010. Após a aprovação definitiva do trabalho no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, foi realizado um levantamento de fichas genético-clínica dos pacientes do conjunto hospitalar de Sorocaba. Dentre os casos diagnosticados com deficiência mental, observa-se que a prevalência de doenças pelo fator genético é nítida, com isso corroborando com a literatura que o perfil genético clínico dos pacientes analisados é dado por este fator. Acredita-se que a implementação de um serviço de diagnóstico citogenético diretamente relacionado ao CHS facilitaria a resolução de novos casos de hipótese diagnóstica de deficiência mental. Com isso, os pacientes poderiam ser atendidos diretamente, realizando um acompanhamento genético de melhor qualidade e, assim, melhorando sua qualidade de vida, garantindo a todos os mesmos direitos frente a diagnostico e seguimento terapêutico, preconizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Palavras chaves: Deficiência mental, síndrome do cromossomo X frágil (SXF), síndrome de Down, diagnóstico citogenético.
ABSTRACT
Clinical genetic profile of mental disability: retrospective study of patients treated in genetic outpatient of Sorocaba's Conjuction Hospital between 2000-2010
Mental retardation is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. This deficiency is of great concern to public health and society, because it is estimated to occur in 1% to 10% of the population, and research on its etiology has always been the challenge for the health area. This deficiency is characterized by a variable and heterogeneous manifestation of dysfunction on the central nervous system. The affected individual is a lock that limits learning capabilities, the ability to self-expression, freedom of movement and performing tasks. Among the causes of mental retardation most of it is related to genetic factors. The fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form, most researched and best documented of heritable mental retardation in humans, contributing to 15-20% of cases of mental retardation X-linked. Yet trisomy of chromosome 21 that causes Down’s syndrome, the most frequent genetic alteration responsible for mental retardation, affecting 1 in 700 neonate. This work aims to trace the genetic-clinic profile of patients with mental retardation treated in the Genetics clinic of the Hospital Regional de Sorocaba between 2000 – 2010. After the final approval of this work in the Research Ethics Committee was realized a survey of genetic-clinical records of patients of hospital facilities of Sorocaba. Among the cases diagnosed with mental retardation, it was observed that the prevalence of the genetic factor is clear, thus corroborating the literature that the genetic profile of patients' clinical data is analyzed by this factor. It is believed that the implementation of a cytogenetic diagnostic service directly related to the CHS facilitate the resolution of new cases of diagnosis of mental retardation. With that, patients could be served directly by performing a genetic monitoring of better quality and thus improving their quality of life by ensuring that all the same rights in the diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up, recommended by the National Health System
Key-words: Mental retardation, fragile X syndrome, down syndrome, cytogenetic diagnosis.
Palavras chaves: Deficiência mental, síndrome do cromossomo X frágil (SXF), síndrome de Down, diagnóstico citogenético.
ABSTRACT
Clinical genetic profile of mental disability: retrospective study of patients treated in genetic outpatient of Sorocaba's Conjuction Hospital between 2000-2010
Mental retardation is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. This deficiency is of great concern to public health and society, because it is estimated to occur in 1% to 10% of the population, and research on its etiology has always been the challenge for the health area. This deficiency is characterized by a variable and heterogeneous manifestation of dysfunction on the central nervous system. The affected individual is a lock that limits learning capabilities, the ability to self-expression, freedom of movement and performing tasks. Among the causes of mental retardation most of it is related to genetic factors. The fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form, most researched and best documented of heritable mental retardation in humans, contributing to 15-20% of cases of mental retardation X-linked. Yet trisomy of chromosome 21 that causes Down’s syndrome, the most frequent genetic alteration responsible for mental retardation, affecting 1 in 700 neonate. This work aims to trace the genetic-clinic profile of patients with mental retardation treated in the Genetics clinic of the Hospital Regional de Sorocaba between 2000 – 2010. After the final approval of this work in the Research Ethics Committee was realized a survey of genetic-clinical records of patients of hospital facilities of Sorocaba. Among the cases diagnosed with mental retardation, it was observed that the prevalence of the genetic factor is clear, thus corroborating the literature that the genetic profile of patients' clinical data is analyzed by this factor. It is believed that the implementation of a cytogenetic diagnostic service directly related to the CHS facilitate the resolution of new cases of diagnosis of mental retardation. With that, patients could be served directly by performing a genetic monitoring of better quality and thus improving their quality of life by ensuring that all the same rights in the diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up, recommended by the National Health System
Key-words: Mental retardation, fragile X syndrome, down syndrome, cytogenetic diagnosis.