Sobre Leibniz, Newton e infinitésimos, das origens do cálculo infinitesimal aos fundamentos do cálculo diferencial paraconsistente
Abstract
Resumo Tratamos, neste artigo, do desenvolvimento do cálculo infinitesimal, incluindo breves notas históricas relativas às origens dos infinitésimos e contrapondo as magnitudes infinitesimais de Leibniz às de Newton. Incluímos, também, notas sobre a análise não-standard de Robinson, que reintroduz os números infinitesimais nos domínios da matemática. Destacamos, ainda, a importância das idéias de Leibniz para o desenvolvimento de extensões não clássicas do cálculo infinitesimal, como o cálculo diferencial paraconsistente. Palavras-chave: infinitésimo; cálculo diferencial; lógica paraconsistente. Abstract In this paper we present the development of the infinitesimal calculus, including short historical remarks about the origins of the infinitesimals, and comparing Leibniz’s and Newton’s conceptions of infinitesimal magnitudes. We include brief notes about Robinson’s non-standard analysis, which reinstates the infinitesimal numbers in the domains of mathematics. In addition, we highlight the importance of Leibniz’s ideas for the development of non-classic extensions of the infinitesimal calculus, like paraconsistent differential calculus. Key-words: Infinitesimal; Differential calculus; Paraconsistent logic.Metrics
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