Approaches to sustainability in renewable energies: a bibliometric study on the relationship between offshore wind energy and ecological footprint
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2237-4418.2025v40i2.p17-28Keywords:
offshore wind farms, ecological footprint, sustainabilityAbstract
Offshore wind energy is recognized worldwide for its effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and diversifying renewable energy sources. However, the selection of sites for wind farms continues to spark debate over which socio-environmental criteria are suitable. To balance environmental, developmental, and societal needs, it is crucial to establish sustainability assessment mechanisms. In this context, sustainability indicators help manage socio-ecosystems during wind turbine implementation, optimizing resources and reducing negative impacts. This study aims to characterize scientific research on the relationship between offshore wind energy and ecological footprint, and to identify the key variables that define this relationship. The findings indicate a connection between the technical efficiency of offshore wind farms and a lower ecological footprint, but highlight the need to address social, economic, and environmental factors more comprehensively. The conclusion underscores that, for a sustainable energy transition, an integrated approach is vital—one that considers not only technical efficiency but also environmental justice and climate change adaptation.
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