Confronting violence at school

what do scientific productions point out as measures?

Abstract

The school and the subjects who are part of it are the result of a long and permeated process of historical and social conflicts, which implies several contradictions. In this way, the violence formed by social processes generated fruits that reached the school and the treatments installed in its scope, demanding from the man the confrontation through actions. The survey of scientific productions is relevant to know how a certain concrete reality manifests itself, is analyzed from different perspectives and allows for continuities in the knowledge production process. This work is the result of a mapping of works related to violence at school and its confrontations, found in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) platform and in the theses and dissertations database of the University of São Paulo – USP, between 2003 and 2016, which were categorized into: research that addressed how violence was faced in macro-region and/or local schools. It was evident that few studies, among those selected, were dedicated to investigating the confrontation of violence only with the reports presented by the pedagogical coordinators or family members. Most conducted surveys with all school participants (managers, teachers, students and parents) or principals and coordinators, or only teachers, or only students. It was found that only the study by Freire and Aires (2012) indicates the presence of the psychologist in the practices of coping with violence. It was also noticed the difficulty that all the works found had to conceptualize what would be the confrontation of violence by the school, since many are concerned only with conceptualizing violence and end up lacking concepts that define what coping regarding violence is and the possible ways to express themselves at school. The studies included confrontations related to verbal and/or written warning, occurrence books, communication with parents or guardians, application and analysis of cultural circles, mediation of conflict situations by a mediating teacher, intervention and health education programs, democratic performance of students, contact with Guardianship Council, Municipal Guard and Public Prosecutor, depending on the complexity of the case, training of professional educators, health promotion strategies, socio-educational development, sports and leisure practices, disease prevention and trauma prevention. Professionals who work at the interface with Education and are faced with violence, more than identifying the individual characteristics of school actors that contribute to the problems that occur at school, must create spaces and appropriate references to understand the contexts, the social determinants that contribute to its emergence and create collective coping measures that guarantee the human development of students.