Células-tronco fetais de membrana amniótica: o futuro da medicina regenerativa

Caroline Pinho Winck, Silvia Amélia Ferreira Lima, João Leonardo Mendonça, Fabiele Baldino Russo, Isabella Rodrigues Fernandes, Marcus Vínicius Mendes Silva, Graciela Conceição Pignatari

Resumo


Células- tronco (CT) são células indiferenciadas com capacidade de auto-renovação ilimitada e potencial de diferenciação que lhes confere um papel primordial e vital. A terapia celular com CT parece ser uma estratégia de tratamento promissor. Devido às questões éticas, encontramos dificuldades na utilização de células-tronco embrionárias (CTE). Já as células-tronco adultas (CTA) por apresentarem baixa plasticidade se tornam pouco promissoras. Com isso, há um crescente interesse em outras fontes de CT como as células-tronco fetais (CTF) que representam uma fonte de CT ainda pouco explorada. Elas são facilmente acessíveis e isoladas a partir de tecidos extra-embrionários, como a placenta e a membrana amniótica, tornando um fonte interessante já que geralmente esses tecidos são descartados após o nascimento. Essas células apresentam um crescimento rápido e alta plasticidade. Estudos com células-tronco de Membrana Amniótica (CTMA) demonstram seu fácil cultivo, além de baixa resposta imunológica, propriedades anti-inflamatórias e anti-bacterianas. Com isso a membrana amniótica pode ser considerada como uma nova e conveniente fonte de obtenção de CT.

Palavras chave: membrana amniótica; células-tronco; células-tronco fetais; placenta; anexos fetais; terapia celular.

ABSTRACT

Stem cells (SC) are undifferentiated cells capable of unlimited self-renewal and high differentiation potential, which grants them a vital and leading role. Cell therapy with SC seems to be a promising treatment strategy. Due to difficulties surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells (ESC) because of ethical issues associated with these cells and the relationship of low plasticity of adult stem cells (ASC) there is a growing interest in other sources of SC. Fetal stem cells (FSC) represent a source of SC yet unexplored. They are easily accessible and isolable from extra-embryonic tissues such as placenta and amniotic membrane, which are usually discarded after birth. They have rapid growth and good plasticity. Researches using amniotic membrane stem cell (AMSC) showcase theirs easy cultivation and high plasticity in addition to low immune response, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. So, the amniotic membrane (AM) might be considered as a new and convenient source of SC.

Keywords: amniotic membrane; stem cells; fetal stem cells; placenta; fetal annexes; cell therapy.

Palavras-chave


membrana amniótica; células-tronco; células-tronco fetais; placenta; anexos fetais; terapia celular.

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Referências


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