IMPACTO DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL EN LA COHESIÓN SOCIAL EN LA RESTAURACIÓN DE COMUNIDADES TERRITORIALES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2025v16i4p174-186Palabras clave:
Gobernanza pública, Desarrollo sostenible, Cohesión social, Recuperación comunitaria, DescentralizaciónResumen
El capital social es un factor clave para garantizar la resistencia y la eficacia de las comunidades territoriales, especialmente durante un conflicto armado. El objetivo del artículo es evaluar el impacto del capital social en la formación de la cohesión social y el restablecimiento de las comunidades territoriales en Ucrania en tiempos de guerra. La metodología de la investigación se basa en un análisis multidimensional de los factores financieros, sociales y económicos que afectan al desarrollo de las comunidades. La investigación emplea análisis de daños espaciales para integrar datos económicos y geoespaciales, ANOVA para evaluar las diferencias de cohesión social entre regiones, escalado multidimensional (MDS) para visualizar los cambios en los indicadores de capital social y análisis de regresión para cuantificar el impacto del compromiso cívico y la cohesión en el capital social. La investigación esboza los componentes clave del capital social, como la cohesión de la comunidad, el compromiso cívico, el orgullo de la comunidad y la confianza en el gobierno. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que la cohesión social, reforzada por la descentralización y la cooperación interregional, se ha convertido en la base de la recuperación de las comunidades territoriales incluso en condiciones económicas difíciles. La importancia práctica del estudio radica en la posibilidad de aplicar los resultados obtenidos a la elaboración de programas para mejorar la eficacia de la gobernanza local y aplicar estrategias encaminadas a reforzar el capital social para la recuperación de la comunidad a largo plazo. Otras investigaciones podrían centrarse en la integración de los enfoques europeos de descentralización y en la participación de los ciudadanos en los procesos de gobernanza.
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