CINCO CONCEITOS DE RELIGIÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-8305.2018i2p181-215Palavras-chave:
religião, conceito, definição, crítica.Resumo
Diante do contínuo debate sobre a adequação e a definição do conceito de “religião”, este artigo fomenta a necessidade de as ciências sociais se tornarem mais autocríticas a respeito dos vários e inconstantes –usos do termo. Como este trabalho mostra, são três os usos mais dominantes: religião como crença/significado, religião como identidade e religião como relações sociais estruturadas. Por outro lado, alguns usos, que já foram importantes, são atualmente recessivos, incluindo abordagens marxistas de religião como ideologia e concepções parsonianas de religião como normas e valores. Novos usos estão emergindo, tais como os de religião “material”, de religião como discurso e de religião como prática. Levando em consideração esses fatos, este artigo propõe uma taxonomia dos cinco principais usos do termo. Discorre sobre pertinência deles e aponta que onde ainda haja oclusões: acima de tudo, no que diz respeito a relações “supersociais” ou “metassociais” com seres, forças e energias não humanos ou quase humanos.
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