A teologia crítica de Kant: da fé racional à fé reflexionante

Francisco das Chagas de Oliveira  Freire

doi:10.23925/rct.i99.53427

Authors

Francisco das Chagas de Oliveira Freire SEM AFILIAÇÃO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5447

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23925/rct.i99.53427

Keywords:

Theology, Morality, Rational faith, Reflexive faith, Thought

Abstract

The rigor with which Kant denies the possibility of theoretical demonstration of the existence of God, combined with a hermeneutics that focuses the Kantian system from the theory of knowledge, has induced numerous interpreters to consider the expression “Kantian theology” as an oxymoron. Prestigious interpreters see him as agnostic or, at best, deist. In any case, Kant would not admit a rational foundation for religion and theology. The present article is intended to examine the principles and conditions of legitimacy that make theology viable in Kant. Theology finds its foundation in a subjective necessity of reason. It is a moral necessity of teleological representation without which the will cannot be determined. Although it is grounded in morality, theology is constituted as an autonomous discipline. Faith is rooted in rationality and cannot be ignored without reason contradicting itself. The subjective necessity of reason imposes the task of a teleological representation. Rational faith must be the compass and the sure parameter for reflexive faith, that is, for thinking about the immeasurable and obscure space of the suprasensible. Kant legitimises the thought - as opposed to knowledge - as an extension of the pure concept of the understanding.

Author Biography

Francisco das Chagas de Oliveira Freire, SEM AFILIAÇÃO

Doutor em Filosofia pela Universidade de Coimbra. Mestre em Filosofia pelo Ateneo Pontificio Regina Apostolorum de Roma. Licenciado em Filosofia pela Faculdade Batista Brasileira. Bacharel em Teologia pelo Instituto de Ciências Religiosas. Possui experiência no ensino e pesquisa em Filosofia e Teologia, com ênfase em Ética, Filosofia Política e Filosofia do Direito.

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