Kant´s critical theology: from rational faith to reflective faith
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/rct.i99.53427Keywords:
Theology, Morality, Rational faith, Reflexive faith, ThoughtAbstract
The rigor with which Kant denies the possibility of theoretical demonstration of the existence of God, combined with a hermeneutics that focuses the Kantian system from the theory of knowledge, has induced numerous interpreters to consider the expression “Kantian theology” as an oxymoron. Prestigious interpreters see him as agnostic or, at best, deist. In any case, Kant would not admit a rational foundation for religion and theology. The present article is intended to examine the principles and conditions of legitimacy that make theology viable in Kant. Theology finds its foundation in a subjective necessity of reason. It is a moral necessity of teleological representation without which the will cannot be determined. Although it is grounded in morality, theology is constituted as an autonomous discipline. Faith is rooted in rationality and cannot be ignored without reason contradicting itself. The subjective necessity of reason imposes the task of a teleological representation. Rational faith must be the compass and the sure parameter for reflexive faith, that is, for thinking about the immeasurable and obscure space of the suprasensible. Kant legitimises the thought - as opposed to knowledge - as an extension of the pure concept of the understanding.
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