Swallowing characteristics and oral intake before and after speech therapy follow-up of tracheostomized patients admitted to a university hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2022v34i3e52646Keywords:
Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Tracheostomy, Swallowing disordersAbstract
Introduction: Tracheostomy may impact swallowing and generate neurophysiological and mechanical alterations. Objective: To analyze the swallowing functionality in tracheostomized patients admitted to a university hospital, before and after speech-language therapy intervention through the analysis of the service protocols - Adapted Protocol (based on the FOIS scale and Dysphagia Risk Assessment Protocol - PARD). Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical observational study, with a quantitative approach. We analyzed 114 swallowing assessment protocols, and checked the degree of dysphagia according to O’Neil’s classification and FOIS scale over a four-year period. Research approved by the Institution’s Research Ethics Committee (29894920.5.0000.5349). Results: After analyzing the protocols it was found that the majority were male with a mean age of 54.55 years. A predominance of the following previous health comorbidities was observed: pneumonia, systemic arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke. After the speech-language therapy follow-up there was an improvement in swallowing biomechanics with more patients presenting functional swallowing - one (0.9%) to 12 (10.5%), reduction in the number of subjects with severe dysphagia - 32 (28.1%) to 17 (14.9%) and greater oral intake - 79 (69.3%) of the patients increased the level of oral intake according to the FOIS scale. Most of the sample showed good tolerance to tracheostomy occlusion and 60 (52.6%) progressed to decannulation. Conclusion: The presence of a tracheostomy had an impact on swallowing functionality, since most patients had some degree of dysphagia. We emphasize the importance of speech therapy in the swallowing rehabilitation process, helping in the decannulation process.
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