Clinical and speech therapy features and food transition in newborn hospitalized at a neonatal ICU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2025v37i1e67849Keywords:
Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, desenvolvimento infantil, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, NeonatologyAbstract
Introduction: For oral intake to occur safely, the neonate needs adequate coordination between sucking, swallowing, and breathing (SxDxR). Corrected gestational age and neurological maturation are also fundamental factors for the development of this coordination. Relating these factors can help the entire team establish strategies to reduce stress, hospitalization time, and feeding transition time. Objective: To analyze and correlate clinical and speech therapy characteristics with the transition from tube feeding to oral feeding (OF) in newborns (NBs). Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical, and descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Medical records of NBs who received speech therapy follow-up between 2020 and 2021 were selected. Results: A total of 88 medical records were analyzed. Regarding clinical diagnosis, 40 (45.5%) neonates were premature. It was found that the speech therapy diagnosis is associated with gestational age (GA) (p = 0.001) and birth weight (BW) (p = 0.000). The results show that variables such as days of life at tube removal (r = -0.533;
p = 0.000) correlate with GA, and characteristics such as non-invasive ventilation time (r = -0.368;
p = 0.009) correlate with BW. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that NBs who use ventilation have a speech therapy diagnosis of dysphagia or transient swallowing disorder, with lower GA, and lower birth weight, have a longer feeding transition time from tube to OF.
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