Sistemas de micrófono remoto como tecnología asistiva para niños con trastorno del espectro autista
¿qué dice la evidencia?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2025v37i1e69344Palabras clave:
Niño, Transtorno del espectro autista, Percepción del habla, Dispositivos de autoayudaResumen
Introducción: El Sistema de Micrófono Remoto (SMR) es una tecnología asistiva diseñada para facilitar la percepción del habla. Los niños oyentes diagnosticados con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) pueden presentar déficits auditivos, hiperresponsividad auditiva o ambos, y también pueden beneficiarse del SMR. Objetivo: Evaluar los beneficios del uso del SMR en niños oyentes diagnosticados con TEA. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos y se incluyeron estudios que evaluaron el uso del SMR en niños oyentes diagnosticados con TEA. Resultados: Se incluyeron seis estudios. Cuatro de ellos también evaluaron a profesores y/o padres. Los estudios demostraron una mejora en la percepción del habla en entornos ruidosos con el uso del SMR, además de una reducción del estrés relacionado con la audición. Los profesores informaron mejoras en la comprensión auditiva, el comportamiento en el aula y la atención. Los padres percibieron un mejor desempeño en diferentes entornos y a distancia. Discusión: El SMR puede favorecer la comunicación y la interacción social de los niños con TEA. Sin embargo, algunos niños pueden rechazar el uso de los receptores personales debido a la hiperresponsividad táctil. Conclusión: El uso del SMR en niños oyentes diagnosticados con TEA puede ofrecer múltiples beneficios, como una mejor percepción del habla en entornos ruidosos, reducción del estrés en situaciones auditivas complejas, mejora en la percepción de la prosodia emocional, aumento de la atención y la memoria auditiva, así como una disminución de los comportamientos disruptivos. No obstante, los beneficios varían entre los niños y no se pueden garantizar en toda la población con TEA.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Anna Carolyna de Jesus Moraes, Tatiane Franciele de Almeida, Vanessa Luisa Destro Fidêncio
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
