Sudden cardiac death in athletes
Keywords:
cardiac sudden death, athletes, risk factors, heart diseases.Abstract
ABSTRACT The most accepted definition of sudden cardiac death nowadays is an unexplained death occurred suddenly within one hour of symptom onset. If it was not witnessed, individuals need to had been observed for at least 24 hours before the event and should be discarded the possibility of non cardiac causes of sudden death, pulmonary embolism or extensive malignancy. The term athlete refers to individuals of any age who participate in collective or individual regular physical activity, as well as physical training program for regular competitions. The sudden death of a young athlete, whether amateur or professional, especially during competitions, is always dramatic, with strong negative social impact and in the media. The fact that sports are recommended as a formula for longevity and quality of life makes these events a cause for concern in sports and society in general.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Borrow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Braunwald´s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. p.865-908.
Albert CM, Chae CU, Grodstein F, Rose LM, Reserode KM, Rustin JN, et al. Prospective study of sudden cardiac death among women in the Unites States. Circulation. 2003; 107(16):2096-101.
Machotko Z, Kumar S, Penaton LG. A systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of exercise therapy for grain pain in athletes. Sports Med Arthron Rehabil Ther Technol. 2009; 1:5.
Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, Schiavon M, Thiene G. Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J An Coll Cardiol.2003; 42:1959-63.
Bille K, Figueiras D, Schanasch P, Kappenberger L, Brunner JL, Mejiboom FJ, et al. Sudden cardiac death in athletes: the Lausanne recommendations. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006; 13:859-75.
Corrado D, Pellicia A, Bjornstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, et al. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of Young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol Consensus Statement of the study group of sport cardiology of the working group of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise physiology and the working group of myocardial and pericardial diseases of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005; 26:516-24.
Maron BJ, Hass TS, Daerer JJ, Thompson PD, Hodges JS. Comparison of U-S and Italian experience with sudden cardiac deaths in young competitive athletes and implications for preparticipation screening strategies. Am J Cardiol. 2009; 104:276-80.
Harmon K, Asif I, Klossner D, Drezner J. Incidence of sudden cardiac death in national collegrate athletic association athletes. Circulation. 2011; 123:1594-600.
Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G. Essay: Sudden death in young athletes. Lancet. 2005; 366 (suppl1):547-8.
Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349(11):1064-75.
Varro A, Baczko I. Possible mechanism of sudden cardiac death in top athletes: a basic cardiac electrophysiological point of view. Pflugers Arch 2010; 460:31-40.
Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, Blair SN, Corrado D, Estes NA 3rd, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity. Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council our Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council our Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2007; 115:2358-68.
Ferreira M, Silva PR, Abreu LC, Valentin V, Crispin V, Imaizumi C, et al. Sudden cardiac death athletes: a systematic review. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2010; 2:19.
Maron BJ, Gohsan TE, Kyle SB, Ester NAM, Link MS Clinical profile and spectrum of commotio cordis. JAMA. 2002; 287:1142-6.
Keren A, Syvius P, Mcvenna WJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the genetic determinants of clinical disease expression. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2008, 5:158-68.
Cobb LA, Weaver WD. Exercise: a risk for sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986; 7:215-9.
Maron BJ, Peterson EE, Maron MS, Peterson JE. Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an outpatient population referred for echocardiographic study. Am J Cardiol. 1994; 73:577-80.
Link M, Ester N. Athletes and arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010; 21:1184-9.
Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Nishimus RA, Pyeritz RE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE. Task Face 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45(8):1340-5.
Albert CM, Chae CU, Grodstein F, Rose LM, Rexrode KM, Ruskin JN, et al. Prospective study of sudden cardiac death among women in the United States. Circulation. 2003; 107:2096-101.
Ghorayeb N, Cruz F, Dioguandi G. Sudden death of athletes a new fact? Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007; 89:169-70.
Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, Schiavon M, Thiene G. Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42:1959-63.
Mackotka Z, Kumar S, Perraton LG. A systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of exercise therapy for groin pain in athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2009; 1:5.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Os autores no momento da submissão transferem os direitos autorais, assim, os manuscritos publicados passam a ser propriedade da revista.
O conteúdo do periódico está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons 4.0, esta licença permite o livre acesso imediato ao trabalho e que qualquer usuário leia, baixe, copie, distribua, imprima, pesquise ou vincule aos textos completos dos artigos, rastreando-os para indexação, passá-los como dados para o software, ou usá-los para qualquer outra finalidade legal.
Este obra está licenciada com uma Licença 