Carnap e Kuhn: arqui-inimigos ou aliados próximos?
Palavras-chave:
Carnap, Kuhn, holismo, frameworks linguísticos, léxicos estruturados, revoluções científicasResumo
Comparamos os pontos de vista de Carnap e Kuhn sobre a ciência. Embora existam diferenças importantes entre eles, as semelhanças são impressionantes. A base para isso é uma imagem da ciência semanticamente convencionalista e pragmaticamente orientada, que sugere que a concepção de que a filosofia da ciência pós-positivista constitui uma revolução radical e que não possui afinidades interessantes com o positivismo lógico deve estar seriamente equivocada.Referências
CARNAP, R. [1928/1969]: The Logical Structure of the World, translated by Rolf George, originally published as Der Logische Aufbau der Welt (BerlinSchlachtensee. Weltkreis-Verlag). Berkeley: University of California Press.
CARNAP, R. [1932/1987]: ‘On Protocol Sentences’, translated by R. Creath and R. Nollan, Nous, 21.
CARNAP, R. [1932/1934]: The Unity of Science, translated by M. Black. London: Kegan Paul Trench, Trubner & Co.
CARNAP, R. [1934/1937]: The Logical Syntax of Language, translated by A. Smeaton, Countess von Zeppelin, originally published as Logische Syntax der Sprache, Schriften zur Wissenschaftlichen Weltauffssung. Vol. 8 (Vienna: Verlag von Julius Springer). London: Kegan Paul Trench, Trubner & Co.
CARNAP, R. [1935]: Philosophy and Logical Syntax. London: Kegan Paul Trench, Trubner & Co.
CARNAP, R. [1936/1949]: ‘Truth and Confirmation’, in H. Feigl and W. Sellars (eds), Readings in Philosophical Analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
CARNAP, R. [1936/1953]: ‘Testability and Meaning’, in H. Feigl and M. Brodbeck (eds), Readings in the Philosophy of Science. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.
CARNAP, R. [1956]: ‘The Methodological Character of Theoretical Concepts’, in H. Feigl and M. Scriven (eds), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. I. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
CARNAP, R. [1958a]: Meaning and Necessity, enlarged edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
CARNAP, R. [1958b]: ‘Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology’, in Meaning and Necessity, enlarged edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
CARNAP, R. [1958/1975]: ‘Observation Language and Theoretical Language’, translated by H. Bohnert, in J. Hintikka (ed.), Rudolf Carnap, Logical Empiricist. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
CARNAP, R. [1963a]: ‘Intellectual Autobiography’, in P. A. Schilpp (ed.), The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. La Salle: Open Court.
CARNAP, R. [1963b]: ‘Replies and Systematic Expositions’, in P. A. Schilpp (ed.). The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. La Salle: Open Court.
CARNAP, R. [1966]: Philosophical Foundations of Physics. New York: Basic Books.
CARNAP, R. [1968]: ‘On Rules of Acceptance’, in I. Lakatos (ed.), The Problem of Inductive Logic. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
EARMAN, J. [1993]: ‘Carnap, Kuhn, and the Philosophy of Scientific Methodology’, in P. Horwich (ed.), World Changes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
FRIEDMAN, M. [1991]: ‘The Re-evaluation of Logical Positivism’, Journal of Philosophy, 88.
FRIEDMAN, M. [1992]: ‘Philosophy and the Exact Sciences: Logical Positivism as a Case Study’, in J. Earman (ed.), Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations: Essays in the Philosophy of Science. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
FRIEDMAN, M. [1993]: ‘Remarks on the History of Science and the History of Philosophy’, in P. Horwich (ed.), World Changes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
GOLDFARB, W. and RICKETTS, T. [1992]: ‘Carnap and the Philosophy of Mathematics’, in D. Bell and W. Vossenkuhl (eds), Science and Subjectivity. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
HOYNINGEN-HUENE, P. [1993]: Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
KUHN, T. [1970]: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
KUHN, T. [1977]: The Essential Tension. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
KUHN, T. [1983a]: ‘Commensurability, Comparability, Communicability’, in P. D. Asquith and T. Nickles (eds), PSA 1982, Vol. 2. East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association.
KUHN, T. [1983b]: ‘Rationality and Theory Choice’, Journal of Philosophy, 80.
KUHN, T. [1987]: ‘What are Scientific Revolutions?’, in L. Kriiger. L. J. Daston and M. Heidelberger (eds), The Probabilistic Revolution, Vol. I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
KUHN, T. [1991]: ‘The Road Since Structure’, in A. Fine, M. Forbes, and L. Wessels (eds), PSA 1990, Vol. 2. East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association.
KUHN, T. [1992]: ‘The Trouble with the Historical Philosophy of Science’, Robert and Maurine Rothchild Distinguished Lecture, 19 November 1991, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA.
KUHN, T. [1993a]: ‘Introduction to Presidential Address’, in D. Hull, M. Forbes, and K. Okruhlik (eds), PSA 1992, Vol. 2. East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association.
KUHN, T. [1993b]: ‘Afterwords’, in P. Horwich (ed.), World Changes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
OBERDAN, T. [1990]: ‘Positivism and the Pragmatic Theory of Observation’, in A. Fine, M. Forbes, and L. Wessels (eds), PSA 1990, Vol. I. East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association.
REISCH, G. [1991]: ‘Did Kuhn Kill Logical Positivism?’, Philosophy of Science, 58.
RICHARDSON, A. [1994]: ‘Carnap’s Principle of Tolerance’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume 68.
