Sobre o externalismo semântico de Hilary Putnam: primeiras formulações e recepção crítica inicial
Palavras-chave:
Externalismo, Significado, ReferênciaResumo
Este artigo examina o desenvolvimento histórico do externalismo semântico de Hilary Putnam e algumas objeções feitas a ele durante a recepção inicial dessa concepção na década de 1970 e início dos anos 1980. Argumenta-se que o desenvolvimento do externalismo semântico por Putnam esteve estreitamente ligado à sua defesa do realismo científico nas décadas de 1960 e início da década de 1970. O externalismo semântico afirma que o significado de um termo é em parte determinado pelo ambiente e desse modo não necessariamente se altera em virtude de mudanças no nosso conhecimento do ambiente. Assim, mudanças nas teorias científicas não necessariamente acarretariam mudanças nas referências dos termos científicos. O externalismo semântico, desse modo, permite que se compreenda o progresso da ciência como um progresso no conhecimento de um conjunto estável de objetos, como prevê o realismo científico. O artigo expõe, sob esse viés, o desenvolvimento do externalismo semântico e discute algumas objeções que tentaram mostrar vantagens que concepções alternativas do significado teriam sobre a concepção externalista.
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