Transitivity in different registers: the system of process type
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-460x202541474009Palabras clave:
Transitivity, process type, experiential metafunction, Systemic Functional Linguistics, register, field of activity, frequency, discourse useResumen
Neste artigo, preocupo-me com a variação registral nas seleções do sistema experiencial da gramática da oração, ou seja, o sistema de transitividade, com foco em um de seus principais subsistemas: o sistema de tipos de processos. A partir de uma análise manual extensiva de textos em inglês que instanciam diferentes registros, apresentarei alguns resultados quantitativos referentes às frequências relativas dos termos do sistema, tipos de processo “material”, “comportamental”, “mental”, “verbal”, “relacional” e “existencial”, bem como resultados qualitativos sobre os usos discursivos característicos desses tipos de processo em diferentes registros. Este segundo aspecto do estudo constitui a parte principal do artigo. Argumentarei que os usos discursivos característicos de diferentes tipos de processo se correlacionam com o campo de atividade dentro do contexto, ou seja, com “o que está acontecendo” em um determinado contexto. Para isso, apoiarei-me em nossos trabalhos sobre uma tipologia contextual de registro, especialmente na diferenciação de distintos campos de atividade (por exemplo, Matthiessen, 2014 a, 2015 a, b , 2019 ; Matthiessen & Teruya, 2015 ; Steiner, 2024 ). Os achados quantitativos e qualitativos são, naturalmente, partes complementares de um mesmo quadro do sistema de tipos de processo - aspectos complementares de seu perfil de uso. Ao unir esses dois enfoques, dou continuidade ao trabalho desenvolvido no programa de pesquisa SAL (Systemics Across Languages), iniciado por Leila Barbara e desenvolvido por Natalia Ignatieva, outros linguistas sistêmico-funcionais da América Latina e alguns de nós em outras partes do mundo.
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