Uso de cannabidiol en niños y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista
una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2025v37i4e72186Palabras clave:
Trastorno del espectro autista, Niños, Cannabidiol, Eficacia, SeguridadResumen
Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta la comunicación social y provoca comportamientos repetitivos. El tratamiento incluye enfoques terapéuticos y farmacológicos, siendo el cannabidiol (CBD) una alternativa prometedora para reducir los síntomas disruptivos y mejorar la interacción social. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del cannabidiol en el tratamiento de los síntomas conductuales en niños y adolescentes con TEA, considerando su eficacia, seguridad e interacciones medicamentosas. Métodos: Esta revisión analizó cuatro estudios con 350 participantes, sugiriendo una reducción de síntomas conductuales. Además, se informaron mejoras en la comunicación y efectos adversos leves. Resultados: Los estudios incluidos en esta revisión de alcance sugieren que el CBD puede tener efectos beneficiosos potenciales en el TEA, pero no hubo consenso sobre la superioridad del extracto de planta entera en comparación con los compuestos aislados de CBD. Los efectos varían según la formulación y la gravedad, con evaluaciones divergentes. La seguridad del uso prolongado no está bien establecida, y existen preocupaciones sobre interacciones medicamentosas y riesgos metabólicos y cardiovasculares. Conclusión: Esta revisión de alcance mapeó la evidencia científica disponible sobre el uso de cannabidiol en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Los hallazgos indican que el cannabidiol presenta un potencial terapéutico para los síntomas conductuales del TEA; sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de los estudios y la ausencia de investigaciones a largo plazo limitan conclusiones definitivas sobre su eficacia y seguridad. Se necesitan más investigaciones para llenar las lagunas de conocimiento y proporcionar soporte a la práctica clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Joao Victor Bomtempo de Castro, Marcelo Trindade Junior, Valeriana de Castro Guimarães, Deborah Branco Ferreira Perilo, Neuma Chaveiro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
