Nos braços da maioria silenciosa
o viés de falso consenso e os desafios da democracia em tempos de radicalização política
Palabras clave:
viés de falso consenso, polarização política, tribalização identitária, radicalização ideológica, democracia deliberativaResumen
O viés de falso consenso, tendência dos indivíduos a superestimarem o grau de concordância social com suas próprias crenças e atitudes, constitui um dos mecanismos psicológicos centrais para a compreensão de certas dificuldades que enfrenta a política democrática hoje. Este artigo revisa criticamente 64 estudos relevantes sobre o tema, discutindo sua evolução teórica e metodológica e suas aplicações ao campo político. Defende-se aqui que o falso consenso contribui para a polarização afetiva, a tribalização identitária, a radicalização ideológica e a indisponibilidade para o compromisso democrático, ao distorcer a percepção da diversidade de opiniões e legitimar práticas de intolerância. Por fim, discute-se a necessidade de estratégias que enfrentem esse viés para fortalecer a convivência pluralista em sociedades democráticas.
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