The mechanisms of non-state governance of violence in a poor neighborhood in Recife
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5708Keywords:
informal governance, violence, poor neighborhoods, caretakers, social isolationAbstract
The aim of this paper was to analyze the mechanisms of non-state governance of violence in a poor community located in the south of the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, based on ethnography and interviews conducted between 2018 and 2022. After verifying that there is no established armed regime with enforcement capable of imposing a criminal governance system, we found an informal scheme of non-state governance of violence led by actors who are not part of the criminal world. Finally, we state that the interventions of these actors do not have a significant impact on the reduction in the number of violent episodes but, at the same time, they succeed in deterring the use of force in certain situations, preventing violent crime from increasing.
References
ADORNO, S., & ALVARADO, A. Criminalidade e a governança de grandes metrópoles na América Latina: Cidade do México (México) e São Paulo (Brasil). Dilemas-Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social, 79-115.
AKERS, R. L. (2013). Criminological theories: Introduction and evaluation. Routledge.
ANDERSON, E. (2000). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. WW Norton & Company.
ANDERSON, E. (2002). The ideologically driven critique. American Journal of Sociology, 107(6), 1533-1550.
ARIAS, E. D. (2017). Criminal enterprises and governance in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press.
AUYERO, J., & SOBERING, K. (2019). The ambivalent state: Police-criminal collusion at the urban margins. Oxford University Press.
BLUMER, H. (2013). “Sociedade como interação simbólica”. In: COELHO, M. C. P.. Estudos sobre Interação - textos escolhidos. 1a.. ed. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2013. 320p .
BOURGOIS, P., BOURGOIS, P. I., & SCHONBERG, J. (2009). Righteous dopefiend (Vol. 21). Univ of California Press.
BURGESS, E. W. (Ed.). (1926). The urban community: selected papers from the proceedings of the American Sociological Society, 1925. University of Chicago Press.
CANO, I., & IOTT, C. (2008). Seis por meia dúzia. Segurança, Tráfico e Milícia no Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Fundação Heinrich Böll.
CENSO, I. B. G. E. Disponível em:< http://www. censo2010. ibge. gov. br/>. Acesso em 09 fev 2022.
DAUDELIN, J., & RATTON, J. L. (2017). Mercados de drogas, guerra e paz no Recife1. Tempo Social, 29, 115-134.
DO RIO CALDEIRA, T. P. (2000). Cidade de muros: crime, segregação e cidadania em São Paulo. Editora 34.
FAHLBERG, A. N. (2018). Rethinking Favela governance: Non violent politics in Rio de Janeiro’s gang territories. Politics & Society, 46(4), 485-512.
FELTRAN, G. (2011). Fronteiras de tensão: política e violência nas periferias de São Paulo. São Paulo: Editora Unesp. 376 pp.
FELTRAN, G. (2018). Irmãos: uma história do PCC. Editora Companhia das Letras.
FUKUYAMA, F. (2013). What is governance?. Governance, 26(3), 347-368.
GANS, H. J. (1982). Urban villagers. Simon and Schuster.
HELMKE, G., & LEVITSKY, S. (Eds.). (2006). Informal institutions and democracy: Lessons from Latin America. jhu Press.
JAFFE, R. (2013). The hybrid state: Crime and citizenship in urban Jamaica. American Ethnologist, 40(4), 734-748.
KIRK, D. S., & MATSUDA, M. (2011). Legal cynicism, collective efficacy, and the ecology of arrest. Criminology, 49(2), 443-472.
KOIVU, K. (2013). Organized Crime and the State: The Political Economy of Illicit Markets. In APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper, American Political Science Association 2013 Annual Meeting.
KOWARICK, L. Sobre a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e civil: Estados Unidos, França e Brasil. Revista brasileira de ciências sociais, v. 18, p. 61-86, 2003.
LESSING, B. (2021). Conceptualizing criminal governance. Perspectives on Politics, 19(3), 854-873.
LESSING, B., & WILLIS, G. D. (2019). Legitimacy in criminal governance: Managing a drug empire from behind bars. American Political Science Review, 113(2), 584-606.
LEY, S., MATTIACE, S., & TREJO, G. (2019). Indigenous resistance to criminal governance: why regional ethnic autonomy institutions protect communities from narco rule in Mexico. Latin American Research Review, 54(1), 181-200.
MAGALONI, B., FRANCO-VIVANCO, E., & MELO, V. (2020). Killing in the slums: Social order, criminal governance, and police violence in Rio de Janeiro. American Political Science Review, 114(2), 552-572.
MANSO, B. P. (2020). A república das milícias: dos esquadrões da morte à era Bolsonaro. Todavia.
MANSO, B. P., & DIAS, C. N. (2018). A guerra: a ascensão do PCC e o mundo do crime no Brasil. Editora Todavia SA.
MANTILLA, J., & FELDMANN, A. E. (2021). Criminal Governance in Latin America. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
MUNIZ, J. D. O., & DIAS, C. N. (2022). Domínios armados e seus governos criminais-uma abordagem não fantasmagórica do “crime organizado”. Estudos Avançados, 36, 131-152.
PARK, R. E. (1915). The city: Suggestions for the investigation of human behavior in the city environment. American journal of sociology, 20(5), 577-612.
RIBEIRO, E., SOARES, L. E., & KRENZINGER, M. (2022) Tipos de governança criminal: Estudo comparativo a partir dos casos da Maré. Dilemas-Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social, 559-588.
SAMPSON, R. J. & WILSON, W. J (1995). Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality. In: Hagan, J. & Peterson, R. D. (Ed), Crime and Inequality, pp. 37–56. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
SAMPSON, R. J. (2014). Inequality from the top down and bottom up: Towards a revised Wacquant. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(10), 1732-1738.
SAMPSON, R. J. (2017). Collective efficacy theory: Lessons learned and directions for future inquiry. Taking stock, 149-167.
SAMPSON, R. J., & Wilson, W. J. (2020). Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality. In Crime, inequality and the state (pp. 312-325). Routledge.
SAMPSON, R. J., Wilson, W. J., & Katz, H. (2018). Reassessing “Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality”: Enduring and new challenges in 21st century America. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 15(1), 13-34.
SANCHEZ-JANKOWSKI, M. (2008). Cracks in the pavement: Social change and resilience in poor neighborhoods. Univ of California Press.
SHAW, C. R., & MCKAY, H. D. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas.
SKARBEK, D. (2014). The social order of the underworld: How prison gangs govern the American penal system. Oxford University Press.
SKARBEK, D. (2020). The puzzle of prison order: Why life behind bars varies around the world. Oxford University Press, USA.
SNYDER, R., & DURAN-MARTINEZ, A. (2009). Does illegality breed violence? Drug trafficking and state-sponsored protection rackets. Crime, law and social change, 52(3), 253-273.
TREJO, G., & LEY, S. (2020). Votes, drugs, and violence: The political logic of criminal wars in Mexico. Cambridge University Press.
VINUTO, J. (2014). A amostragem em bola de neve na pesquisa qualitativa: um debate em aberto. Temáticas, 22(44), 203-220.
WACQUANT, L. (2002). Scrutinizing the street: Poverty, morality, and the pitfalls of urban ethnography. American journal of sociology, 107(6), 1468-1532.
WACQUANT, L. (2010). “Designing Urban Seclusion in the 21st Century.” Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal 43 (2010): 165-178.
WILLIS, G. D. (2015). The killing consensus: police, organized crime, and the regulation of life and death in urban Brazil. Univ of California Press.
WILSON, W. J. (2014). Marginality, ethnicity and penality: a response to Loïc Wacquant. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(10), 1712-1718.
WILSON, W. J., & CHADDHA, A. (2009). The role of theory in ethnographic research. Ethnography, 10(4), 549-564.
YASHAR, D. J. (2018). Homicidal ecologies: Illicit economies and complicit states in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ricardo Caldas Cavalcanti Filho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A revista não tem condições de pagar direitos autorais nem de distribuir separatas.
O Instrumento Particular de Autorização e Cessão de Direitos Autorais, datado e assinado pelo(s) autor(es), deve ser transferido no passo 4 da submissão (Transferência de Documentos Suplementares). Em caso de dúvida consulte o Manual de Submissão pelo Autor.
O conteúdo do texto é de responsabilidade do(s) autor(es).