O Buda Mani

O substrato budista na gênese do maniqueísmo

Autores

  • João Paulo Dantas Universidade de Brasília
  • Gabriele Cornelli Universidade de Brasília

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23925/1677-1222.2024vol24i1a17

Palavras-chave:

Maniqueísmo, Budismo, Experiências visionárias, Religiões na Rota da Seda

Resumo

O objetivo deste artigo é delinear o papel do budismo na gênese do maniqueísmo. Para tanto, as principais características do relato de Bardesanes de Edessa sobre as religiões indianas, um documento importante para o conhecimento de Mani sobre a Índia antes de suas viagens às regiões com influência indo-iraniana na Ásia Central, serão analisadas. Desse modo, será possível demonstrar a ausência de ideias eminentemente budistas no testemunho de Bardesanes. Finalmente, analisar-se-á o papel do próprio Buda no sistema de Mani – um tópico que evidencia de forma mais nítida o impacto do budismo no início do maniqueísmo – e o modo com que Mani e seus seguidores desenvolveram uma "budologia maniqueísta", na qual elementos da vida de Buda foram transferidos e assimilados à profetologia de Mani.

Biografia do Autor

João Paulo Dantas, Universidade de Brasília

Mestre em Teoria e História da Arte pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais (UnB) e doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metafísica (UnB)

 

Gabriele Cornelli, Universidade de Brasília

Resumo da biografia do Gabriele Cornelli: Doutor em Ciências da Religião (UMESP) e doutor em Filosofia (USP). Professor Associado do Dep. de Filosofía e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metafísica (UnB)

Referências

Fontes primárias em língua original e traduções

ASHVAGHOSHA. OLIVELLE, Patrick (ed. e trad.). Life of the Buddha. New York: Clay Sanskrit Library, 2008.

BOYCE, Mary. A Reader in Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian. Tehran-Liège: Bibliothèque Pahlavi, 1975.

COWELL, E. B.; NEIL, R. A. The Divyâvadâna: A Collection of Early Buddhist Legends. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1886.

FEER, M. Leon. Saṃyutta-Nikāya: part V – Mahā-Vagga. London: Pali Text Society, 1960.

GARDNER, Iain; BEDUHN, Jason; DILLEY, Paul C. The Kephalaia Codex: The Chapters of the Wisdom of My Lord Mani. Leiden, Brill, 2018.

GNOLI, Gherardo (org.). Il Manicheismo, volume I -- Mani e il manicheismo. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 2003.

GNOLI, Gherardo (org.). Il Manicheismo, volume II -- il mito e la dottrina: i testi manichei copti e la polemica antimanichea. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 2006.

KLIMKEIT, Hans Joachim. Gnosis on the Silk Road – Gnostic Parables, Hymns & Prayers from Central Asia. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.

POLOTSKY, H. J. Kephalaia – 1. Hälfte. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1940.

POLOTSKY, H. J. Kephalaia – Zweite Hälfte. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1940

PORFIRIO. GIRGENTI, Giuseppe; SODANO, Angelo Raffaele (ed. e trad.). Astinenza dagli Animali. Milano: Bompiani, 2005.

RHYS DAVIDS, T. W.; CARPENTER, J. Estlin. The Dīgha Nikāya, vol. 1. London: The Pali Text Society, 1890.

ROTMAN, Andy. Divine Stories – Divyāvadāna, part I. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2008.

SUNDERMANN, Werner. Mittelpersische und parthische kosmogonische und Parabeltexte der Manichäer. Berlin: Akademia-Verlag, 1973.

Fontes secundárias

BASHAM, A. L. Th.e Wonder that was India. London: Pan Macmillan, 2004.

BEDUHN, Jason. Parallels between Coptic and Iranian Kephalaia: Goundesh and the King of Touran. In: GARDNER, Iain; BEDUHN, Jason; DILLEY, Paul (org.). Mani at the Court of the Persian Kings: Studies on the Chester Beatty Kephalaia Codex. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

BEDUHN, Jason. The Manichaean Body – in Discipline and Ritual. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

BIANCHI, Ugo. Problemi di storia delle religioni. Roma: Edizioni Studium, 1958.

BOYCE, Mary. A Word-List of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian. Tehran-Liège: Bibliothèque Pahlavi, 1977.

BRONKHORST, Johannes. Karma. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2011.

BUCKLEY, Jorunn Jacobsen. Elchasaite and Manichean Purification Rituals. The Journal of Religion, vol. 66, no. 4, 1986, 399-411.

ČERNÝ, Jaroslav. Coptic Etymological Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1976.

CONZE, Edward. Buddhism: its Essence and Development. New York: Dover Publications, 1959.

CORNELLI, Gabriele. Jesus “Homem Divino”: para uma história comparada do termo no Mundo Antigo. In: CHEVITARESE, André Leonardo; CORNELLI, Gabriele; SELVATICI, Monica (org.). Jesus de Nazaré: uma outra história. São Paulo: Annablume; Fapesp, 2006.

COULIANO, I. P. Out of this World: otherworldly journeys from Gilgamesh to Albert Einstein. Boston: Shambhala, 1991.

DEEG, Max; Gardner, Iain. Indian Influence on Mani Reconsidered: The Case of Jainism. International Journal of Jain Studies, Vol. 5, 2009.

DROWER, E. S. The Secret Adam: A Study in Nasoraean Gnosis. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 1960.

FYNES, Richard C. C. Plant Souls in Jainism and Manichaeism: The Case for Cultural Transmission. East and West, vol 46., 1996.

GARDNER, Iain. Some comments on Mani and Indian religions according to the Coptic Kephalaia. In: VAN TONGERLOO, A; CIRILLO, L. (org.). Manichaean Studies V––Atti del Quinto Congresso Internazionale di Studi sul Manicheismo:il Manicheismo – nuove prospettive della ricerca. Lovanii/Neapoli: Brepols, 2005.

GARDNER, Iain. The Founder of Manichaeism: Rethinking the Life of Mani. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.

GARDNER, Iain; BEDUHN, Jason; DILLEY, Paul. Mani at the Court of the Persians Kings: studies on the Chester Beatty Kephalaia Codex. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2015.

GASPARRO, Giulia Sfameni. Introduzione alla storia delle religioni. Bari-Roma: Editori Laterza, 2011.

GETHIN, Rupert. The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

GNOLI, Gherardo. “Aurentes” the Buddhist “arhants” in the Coptic “Kephalaia” through a Bactrian Transmission. East and West, Vol. 41, 1991.

JACKSON, A. V. Williams. A Sketch of the Manichaean Doctrine concerning the Future Life. Journal of American Oriental Society, vol. 50, 130, pp. 177-198.

JACKSON, A. V. Williams. The Doctrine of Metempsychosis in Manichaeism. Journal of American Oriental Society, vol. 45, 1925, pp. 246-268.

JAINI, Padmanabh S. Stages in the Bodhisattva Career of Tathāgata Maitreya. In: SPONBERG, Alan; HARDACRE, Helen (org.). Maitreya, the Future Buddha. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

KLEIN, W. The epic Buddhacarita by Asvaghosa and its significance for the “Life of Mani”. In: VAN TONGERLOO, A.; CIRILLO, L. (org.), Manichaean Studies V––Atti del Quinto Congresso Internazionale di Studi sul Manicheismo:il Manicheismo – nuove prospettive della ricerca. Lovanii/Neapoli: Brepols, 2005.

KLIMKEIT, Hans-Joachim. Adaptations to Buddhism in East Iranian and Central Asian Manichaeism. In: HEUSER, Manfred; KLIMKEIT, Hans-Joachim. Studies in Manichaean Literature and Art. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

KLOETZLI, W. Randolph. Buddhist Cosmology. Delhi: Motital Banarsidass Publishers, 1989.

LIEU, Samuel N. C. Manichaeism in the Late Roman Empire and Medieval China: a historical survey. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985.

MERKUR, Dan. Gnosis: An Esoteric Tradition of Mystical Visions and Unions. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.

PIRAS, Andrea. Manicheismo. Brescia: Editrice Morcelliana, 2022.

PIRAS, Andrea. Sealing the Body: Theory and Practices of Manichaean Ascetism. Religion in the Roman Empire, Vol. 4, 2018, 28-44.

REEVES, John. Jewish Pseudepigrapha in Manichaean Literature: The Influence of the Enochic Library. In: REEVES, John C [edited by]. Tracing the Threads: studies int the vitality of Jewish pseudepigrapha. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature, 1994.

RHYS DAVIDS, T. W.; STEDE, William. The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English. London: The Pali Text Society, 1921.

SCHOLEM, Gershom. Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic Tradition. New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1965.

SCOT, David Alan. The Iranian Face of Buddhism. East and West, vol. 40, 1990.

SILVERMAN, Jason M. 2012. Persepolis and Jerusalem: Iranian influence on the apocalyptic hermeneutic. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2012.

SKJÆRVØ, Prods Oktor. Venus and the Buddha, or how many steps to nirvana? Some Buddhist elements in Manichean literature. In: VAVROUŠEK, Petr. Iranian and Indo-European Studies: Memorial Volume of Otakar Klíma. Praha: enigma corporation, 1994.

SUNDERMANN, Werner. Mani, India and the Manichaean Religion. South Asian Studies, 2:1, 11-19, 1986.

TARDIEU, Michel. Manichaeism. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2008. Tr. M. B. DeBevoise.

THAPAR, Romila. The past before us: historical traditions of early north India. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2013.

VAZIRI, Mostafa. Buddhism in Iran: an anthropological approach to traces and influences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

WIDENGREN, Geo. Mani und der Manichäismus. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1961.

WILLIAMS, Paul. Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. London and New York: Routledge, 1989.

Downloads

Publicado

2024-08-09