The role of the media in the construction of stereotypes about Arabs and Muslims and the psychosocial repercussions of Islamophobic rhetoric

Abstract

With over two billion followers, Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions globally. However, the media’s repeated dissemination of negative imagery, stereotypes, and distorted information adversely impacts the psychological and social well-being of many Muslims, reinforcing harmful perceptions of Islam and perpetuating misconceptions. Drawing on Goffman’s theory of social stigma, this theoretical-reflective study examines the media’s role in propagating negative representations of Islam, Arabs, and Muslims. We analyze how media narratives contribute to the construction of stigmas and stereotypes, emphasizing their psychosocial consequences, including the rise of Islamophobia. To counter these dynamics, we propose strategies to mitigate the stigmatization entrenched against these groups over decades. Central to this effort is prioritizing accurate information and responsible knowledge production about Islam and Muslims across traditional and digital media platforms. Additionally, we argue that Western societies must adopt more open, inclusive, and respectful approaches toward diverse beliefs, cultures, and worldviews to foster intercultural understanding.