Romano Guardini and the renewal of Catholic liturgical architecture in the 20th century

Abstract

This article examines theologian Romano Guardini’s role in renewing liturgical architecture in the decades leading up to the Second Vatican Council, particularly through his collaboration with architect Rudolf Schwarz. It explores the context, significance, and foundational principles of their partnership. First, the article introduces Guardini and his influence on 20th-century Catholicism and the European intellectual landscape. Next, it traces the early developments of modern religious architecture, focusing on Guardini and Schwarz’s collaborative work at Rothenfels Castle. The article then analyzes their perspective on materiality, a cornerstone of their architectural philosophy. Finally, it examines Schwarz’s approach to designing liturgical spaces, emphasizing the centrality of the body, communal participation, and eschatological openness in his designs. The article highlights the unique convergence of the liturgical movement and modern architecture in their collaboration, as well as the potential for architecture to critically engage with religious experience while resonating with the language and culture of its time.