Orientalism and whitewashing in Mortal Kombat’s representation of Asian deities

Abstract

This study examines how the Mortal Kombat series perpetuates Orientalism and whitewashing in its depiction of Asian deities. Gods like Raiden and Fujin from Shinto, as well as onis from Japanese folklore, are shown with physical traits and costumes that don’t match their original cultural contexts. For instance, Raiden wears a conical straw hat, which is more typical of mainland Asia rather than Japan. Whitewashing is prevalent, with Asian characters frequently portrayed by white actors. The depiction of onis is also problematic, being divided into “inferior” and “superior” categories. The “inferior” onis retain traditional Japanese features, while the “superior” onis resemble Western demon iconography. Additionally, the character Ashrah, inspired by the Canaanite goddess Ašera, is inaccurately classified as an oni, showing an inappropriate blend of distinct Asian mythologies. These portrayals reflect the cultural imperialism and Eurocentric perspective of the US entertainment industry.