Vertical Farming

Vertical Farming; an Innovative Agricultural Method to the Urban and Environmentally Sustainable Development

Authors

  • Amir Faraji Construction Project Management Dep., Faculty of Architecture, KHATAM University
  • Ali Hosseini Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Structure Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU)
  • Mahdiyehi Zeinali Kermani Department of urban planning, Faculty of Architecture and urban planning , Islamic Azad University
  • Negin Mashatan School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
  • Shafiee Ardestani Lecturer of Sepehr Danesh Moaser Institute of Higher Education

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2023v14i3p166-181

Keywords:

Vertical Farming, Architectural design, Urban Development, Environment, Sustainability

Abstract

 

Of those issues that have concerned the government, academics and the public throughout the world, urban sprawl is one of the most prominent. There are conflicting views toward this growing trend. While it has been taken as a positive development in many newly emerging cities, it is increasingly perceived as a threat to the urban environment and considered as a trigger for numerous social problems, such as food shortages, increasing energy usage, global warming and deterioration of environment and urban areas. one feasible solution which can tackle this issue is vertical farming (VF). Promoting vertical farms in the cities can affect urban areas at the environmental, social and economic levels. Vertical farms do indeed have many advantages. A combination of new technologies in the fields of architecture, engineering and agriculture is needed to achieve maximum yield in this approach. therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the advantages and possibility of vertical farming by reviewing existing and researched VF projects worldwide from 2005 to 2022. The aspects and phenomenon are derived from literature. The aspects offered can be a guide for implementation development and planning for innovative and farming industries of Vertical Farming in undeveloped countries.

References

Abdoellah, O. S., Suparman, Y., Safitri, K. I., Mubarak, A. Z., Milani, M., & Surya, L. (2023). Between food fulfillment and income: Can urban agriculture contribute to both?. Geography and Sustainability, 4(2), 127-137.

Abouali, L., & Rahmati, S. Study of the characteristics and physical dimensions of the building and its design in increasing its visual quality.

Al-Kodmany, K. (2018). The Vertical Farm: A Review of Developments and Implications for the Vertical City. Buildings, 8 (2), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8020024

Angotti, T. (2015). Urban agriculture: long-term strategy or impossible dream?: Lessons from prospect farm in Brooklyn, New York. public health, 129(4), 336-341.

Arabzadeh, J., Ghehi, H. B., Shemirani, S. M. M., Etesami, I., & Shahcheraghi, A. Planning Smart vegetated surfaces inform of House Vertical Farm in Iranian residence and urban spaces. Planning, 12(48), 271-288.

Bertram, S. (2019). Automation: The final frontier of vertical farming. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from https:// www.agritecture.com/blog/2019/5/10/automation-the-final-frontier-of-vertical-farming

Bridgette Meinhold, 2013, Pasona HQ is an Urban Farm That Grows Food For Its Employees in Tokyo, inhabitat website, accessed 20 February 2013. https://inhabitat.com/

Dal Ri, S., Favargiotti, S., & Albatici, R. (2020). The role of vertical farming in rethinking and re-designing cities within a circular perspective. TEMA: Technologies Engineering Materials Architecture, 6(1), 99-109.

Damian Holmes, (2020), Thammasat University – the largest urban rooftop farm in Asia, accessed 12 January 2020, Retrieved from https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/

Despommier, D. (2009). The rise of vertical farms. Scientific American, 301(5), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1038/ scientificamerican1109-80

Despommier, D. (2010). The vertical farm: feeding the world in the 21st century. Macmillan.

Despommier, D. (2011). The vertical farm: controlled environment agriculture carried out in tall buildings would create greater food safety and security for large urban populations. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 6, 233-236.

Despommier, D. (2019). Vertical farms, building a viable indoor farming model for cities. Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions, (Special Issue 20), 68-73.

Game, I., & Primus, R. (2015). Urban Agriculture: GSDR 2015 Brief. State University of New York, College of Forestry and Environmental Science: New York, 1-13.

Goudarzi, N. B., & Gharai, F. (2022). Tradition-led regeneration of contemporary neighbourhoods’ spatial structures: A case study of Tehran City, Iran. Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal, 15(3), 275-292.

Goudarzi, N. B., & Gharai, F. (2016). Regenerating The Spatial Patterns Of Contemporary Neighborhoods In Tehran Based On Traditional Neighborhood Patterns By Examining The Evolution Of Two Periods Of Qajar And Contemporary. TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION, 6, 75-94.

Goudarzi, N. B., & Moghaddam, M. F. (2018). Studying the Principles and Design Criteria based on Sustainable Energy in Iranian-Islamic Architecture. International Journal of Architecture, Urbanism and Civil Engineering (IJAUCE), 1(1), 38-44.

Hallock, L. S. (2013). Vertical farms, urban restructuring and the rise of capitalist urban agriculture (Master Thesis). The Haque, The Netherlands.

Hayati, E., Abdi, E., Mohseni Saravi, M., Nieber, J. L., Majnounian, B., & Chirico, G. B. (2018). How deep can forest vegetation cover extend their hydrological reinforcing contribution?. Hydrological Processes, 32(16), 2570-2583.

Ilbeigi, M., Morteza, A., & Ehsani, R. Emergency Management in Smart Cities: Infrastructure-Less Communication Systems. In Construction Research Congress 2022 (pp. 263-271).

Kalantari, F., Tahir, O. M., Joni, R. A., & Fatemi, E. (2018). Opportunities and challenges in sustainability of vertical farming: A review. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 11(1), 35-60.

Khademi, S., Norouzi, M., & Hashemi, M. (2019). Sustainable Land Use Evaluation Based on Preservative Approach. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 653-660.

Kolagar, M. (2019). Adherence to urban agriculture in order to reach sustainable cities; a BWM–WASPAS approach. Smart Cities, 2(1), 31-45.

Lee, Gwan-Gyu, Hyun-Woo Lee, and Jung-Hwan Lee. "Greenhouse gas emission reduction effect in the transportation sector by urban agriculture in Seoul, Korea." Landscape and Urban Planning 140 (2015): 1-7.

Leridon, H. (2020). World population outlook: Explosion or implosion?. Population Societies, 573(1), 1-4.

Lewis, S. (2010). Urban Farming in Tokyo. Practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses, (115), 26-31.

Maleki, B. (2022). Analysis of Vertical Farming Business Model.

Mwaura, M. N., Mukoya-Wangia, S., Origa, J. O., Mbatia, O. L. E., & Chimoita, E. L. (2020). Potential for Sustainable Urban and Peri-Urban Agricultural Practices in Nairobi County. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 25(1), 31-40.

Nowysz, A. (2022). URbaN veRTICal faRm–INTRODUCTION TO The sUbjeCT aND DIsCUssION Of seleCTeD examples. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura, 20(4), 93-100.

Oenema, O., & Roest, C. W. J. (1998). Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture into surface waters; the effects of policies and measures in the Netherlands. Water Science and Technology, 37(3), 19-30.

Pawel Lipiński, Mateusz Frankowski, Mashambas Skyscraper, , accessed 10 April 2017, https://www.evolo.us/mashambas-skyscraper/

Pölling, B., Mergenthaler, M., & Lorleberg, W. (2016). Professional urban agriculture and its characteristic business models in Metropolis Ruhr, Germany. Land use policy, 58, 366-379.

Saberifar, R. (2023). Climate Change and Water Crisis (Case Study, Mashhad in Northeastern Iran). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32(1), 705-716.

Samadi-Darafshani, M., Safavi, H. R., Golmohammadi, M. H., & Rezaei, F. (2021). Assessment of the management scenarios for groundwater quality remediation of a nitrate-contaminated aquifer. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 1-16.

Shirkhanloo, S. Investigation of Pollutants Situation in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Iran.

Specht, K., & Sanyé-Mengual, E. (2017). Risks in urban rooftop agriculture: Assessing stakeholders’ perceptions to ensure efficient policymaking. Environmental Science & Policy, 69, 13-21.

Sutic, N. (2003). How green roofs can improve the urban environment in uptown Waterloo. Integrating Natural and Urban.

Tripathi, A. D., Mishra, R., Maurya, K. K., Singh, R. B., & Wilson, D. W. (2019). Estimates for world population and global food availability for global health. In The role of functional food security in global health (pp. 3-24). Academic Press.

Van Veenhuizen, R., & Danso, G. (2007). Profitability and sustainability of urban and periurban agriculture (Vol. 19). Food & Agriculture Org

Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food policy, 35(4), 265-273.

Zeidler, C., & Schubert, D. (2015). Vertical farm 2.0: Designing an economically feasible vertical farm - A combined European endeavor for sustainable urban agriculture. ResearchGate Publication.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-21