Safeguarding orbital sustainability: addressing ai-driven satellite de-orbiting by non-state actors under international law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2025v16i2p124-134Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, De-orbiting, Cybersecurity, Liability convention, Outer space treatyAbstract
The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and space security introduces unprecedented legal and operational challenges, particularly when non-state actors exploit AI to target critical space infrastructure. This paper examines the legal ramifications under international law of a scenario in which a navigational satellite is deliberately de-orbited through AI-enabled means by non-state actors. Existing agreements, such as the Liability Convention (1972) and the Outer Space Treaty (1967), provide fundamental structures but do not directly address the difficulties associated with attribution in cyberspace and the complexity of autonomous systems. The examination looks at the boundaries of fault-based accountability, state responsibility, and new due diligence guidelines in space governance. Particular focus is placed on the function of juridical and cyber law tools in mitigating AI-related risks. The paper concludes by advocating for the evolution of international legal instruments, incorporating AI-specific provisions, and establishing enhanced cooperative mechanisms to safeguard space assets from emerging non-traditional threats.
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