Indústria 4.0 no Brasil e os desafios da produtividade da economia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2021v12i4p13-28Palavras-chave:
Industria 4.0, Inovação, Política Industrial, Novas Competências, Produtividade, CompetitividadeResumo
Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os processos em curso de desenvolvimento da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil a partir da análise dos dados fornecidos por recentes pesquisas relevantes e lançamentos que tratam da área, considerando para isso uma análise de contexto mais ampla. Esta análise inclui os desafios da produtividade brasileira da economia e seus impactos na indústria de transformação, sendo os mais cruciais, o fenômeno da desindustrialização no Brasil, a mão de obra pouco qualificada, a fraca orientação para a inovação e o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Concentra-se não apenas nos aspectos tecnológicos e gestão da manufatura relacionados à Indústria 4.0, mas também explora as questões de produtividade da economia, desempenho do setor e comparações internacionais. Busca demonstrar a importância do binômio inovação e produtividade para a inserção do Brasil na quarta revolução industrial. Discute-se a necessidade de uma nova política industrial e tecnológica que inclua também a formação de mão de obra nas áreas STEM - ciência, tecnologia, engenharia e matemática e, biológica, visando induzir a inovação tecnológica. As demandas da Indústria 4.0 podem ser um mote estratégico para a realocação de empregos entre os setores da economia, visando o aumento da produtividade agregada no Brasil e a promoção da inovação.
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