Causas sócio-econômicas para a transformação empreendedora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2023v14i1p36-54Palavras-chave:
Empreendedores por Oportunidade, Empreendedores por Necessidade, IDH, Modelo Painel FGLSResumo
O empreendedorismo tornou-se vital para o crescimento nacional. Portanto, é essencial explorar os fatores que potencializam a transformação empreendedora. A literatura identifica duas principais forças motrizes por trás do empreendedorismo: necessidade e oportunidade, que reagem de forma diferente aos fatores socioeconômicos. Este estudo explora os determinantes socioeconômicos do empreendedorismo baseado na necessidade e no empreendedorismo baseado na oportunidade. Aqui, os dados anuais de 108 países de 2009 a 2017 são usados para formular um modelo de dados em painel. Dados sobre empreendedorismo são retirados do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). O IDH é usado como uma medida substituta de fatores socioeconômicos, juntamente com várias variáveis de controle, como custo de fazer negócios, fatores econômicos, fatores de governança e fatores de percepção. A técnica de estimativa de painéis mínimos quadrados generalizados factíveis (FGLS) considera a heterogeneidade espacial. A estimativa de dados em painel mostra que a melhoria do capital humano aumenta as oportunidades de transformação empresarial, ao mesmo tempo em que diminui o empreendedorismo baseado na necessidade devido à maior criação de empregos. Os resultados também sugerem que a melhoria na governança, oportunidades percebidas, abertura e cultura são vitais para melhorar o empreendedorismo orientado por oportunidades.
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