Explorando o impacto da tecnologia financeira na eficiência bancária comercial
uma investigação empírica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2025v16i2p94-106Palavras-chave:
FinTech, Eficiência bancária, Transformação digital, Inovação financeiraResumo
Este estudo investiga o impacto da tecnologia financeira (FinTech) na eficiência dos bancos comerciais na Índia. Ele explora se a FinTech aumenta a produtividade operacional e promove a inclusão financeira no cenário financeiro em rápida evolução. A pesquisa emprega uma estrutura empírica, analisando dados anuais de 2012 a 2022 para 29 bancos comerciais indianos. A eficiência é medida usando o índice Malmquist baseado em análise Envoltória de dados (DEA), enquanto o Índice de desenvolvimento de FinTech é construído usando técnicas de mineração de texto. Modelos de regressão, incluindo OLS agrupados, efeitos fixos, efeitos aleatórios e método generalizado de momentos (GMM), são empregados para testar hipóteses. Os resultados indicam que a adoção das Fintechs aumenta significativamente a eficiência dos bancos comerciais. Inovações como Mobile banking, Pagamentos digitais e tecnologia blockchain melhoram as experiências dos clientes enquanto reduzem os custos operacionais. Foram observadas correlações positivas entre o desenvolvimento das Fintechs, o crescimento do PIB e os índices de Adequação de capital, apoiando a hipótese de que as fintechs são catalisadoras de eficiência e inovação no setor bancário. O estudo é limitado a bancos comerciais indianos e se baseia em dados secundários. Pesquisas futuras podem ampliar o escopo para incluir análises comparativas em mercados emergentes e incorporar dados primários para insights mais profundos. Os resultados enfatizam a necessidade de os bancos indianos adotarem a transformação digital integrando soluções FinTech em suas operações. Essa abordagem poderia promover a inclusão financeira, melhorar a prestação de serviços e impulsionar o crescimento econômico. Ao alavancar a FinTech, os bancos podem melhorar o acesso a serviços financeiros para populações carentes, contribuindo para o alívio da pobreza e a equidade econômica. Este estudo fornece evidências empíricas do papel transformador da FinTech no aumento da eficiência do Banco Comercial na Índia, oferecendo insights acionáveis para formuladores de políticas, instituições financeiras e partes interessadas.
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