Os falantes: notas críticas sobre a criação e uso de uma categoria linguística na tradição discursiva dos estudos fonético-fonológicos do Mapudungun do Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-460X202339354911Keywords:
tradição discursiva, falante, mapuche, ideologias linguísticasAbstract
Examina-se, criticamente, a construção e uso da categoria “falantes” nos estudos fonético-fonológicos da língua mapuche no Chile, os quais constituiriam uma tradição discursiva acadêmica local. Consultou-se um conjunto de 20 artigos produzidos nessa tradição nos últimos dez anos. Foi possível observar a ausência sistemática de perfis sociolinguísticos das comunidades estudadas e de uma definição explícita e coerente da categoria falante. Constata-se tanto a presença de uma série de pressupostos e ideologias linguísticas que revelam uma conceptualização problemática de tal categoria, quanto a naturalização de relações assimétricas durante as pesquisas, como reflexo de enfoques positivistas e perspectivas linguísticas estruturalistas. Conclui-se que é imperativo abordar as bases epistemológicas da categoria "falantes", assim como seu objetivo e suas consequências teóricas, ideológicas e de representação dos grupos com os quais trabalhamos.
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