Elementos de uma metodologia comparativa na ciência da religião
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/1677-1222.2024vol24i2a7Palavras-chave:
comparação, redescrição, retificação, formação de teoria, metodologia, método comparativo, método na ciência da religiãoResumo
Ainda que a comparação tenha sido o assunto de muito debate teórico na ciência da religião, ela raramente tem sido discutida em termos metodológicos. Um grande número de estudos comparativos foi produzido no curso da história da disciplina, mas a questão de como a comparação funciona enquanto um método tem sido raramente abordada. Este ensaio propõe, na forma de um esboço, um quadro metodológico de comparação que se preocupa tanto com a configuração geral de um estudo comparativo--o seu objetivo, o modo, a escala, e o âmbito--e o processo comparativo, distinguindo as operações de seleção, descrição, justaposição, redescrição, bem como de retificação e formação da teoria. Argumentamos que a identificação e análise de tais elementos de uma metodologia comparativa ajuda, por um lado, na avaliação de estudos comparativos existentes e, de outro, na produção de novos. Embora o artigo tente apresentar a estrutura metodológica de uma forma concisa e, portanto, oferecer material ilustrativo limitado, os autores dos outros ensaios desta coleção discutem ricos casos histórico-empíricos enquanto testam a estrutura em seus próprios estudos comparativos.
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