Open access to the machines

Authors

  • Christof Schöch University of Trier, Trier, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-2753
  • Winfried Nöth Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Intelligence Technologies and Digital Design, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-9773

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23925/1984-3585.2020i21p99-115

Keywords:

Linked open data, Open access, Scientific publishing, XML, BibTex

Abstract

The debates about Open Access currently revolve around the question of suitable financing models, losing sight of the fact that publication formats must also be thought of as fundamentally more open. That means looking beyond the PDF format as the digital reincarnation of the printed book, if the full potential of digital technology to produce knowledge is to be exploited in the best possible way. This paper therefore deals with the question of scientific publications as data (but not with the publication of research data). The central demand of this paper is to work towards a replacement of the PDF format and the development and use of open, standardised data formats for scientific publications that meet the FAIR principles. The paper argues that, in addition to metadata, keywords, text structure and bibliographic references, text content is of particular importance. Models and technical solutions are needed for how central statements of a scientific publication can be embedded in the publication itself in a machine-readable form. For all these aspects an important role can be played by the use of semi-structured formats such as XML (for example TEI, JATS or RDF) and JSON (as in BibJSON, similar to BibTex), as well as the semantic web with the use of Linked Open Data.

Author Biographies

Christof Schöch, University of Trier, Trier, Germany

Professor of Digital Humanities at the University of Trier, Germany, co-director of the Trier Center for Digital Humanities, president of the Cost Action Distant Reading for European Literary History and of the Association for Digital Humanities in German-speaking countries (DHd).

Winfried Nöth, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Intelligence Technologies and Digital Design, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Winfried Nöth, Honorary Member of the International Association of Visual Semiotics and Past President of the German Association of Semiotics, is a professor at the Catholic University of São Paulo in the postgraduate study program Technology of Intelligence and Digital Design (TIDD). His research includes cognitive semiotics, C. S. Peirce's general semiotics, linguistic semiotics, computational semiotics, and media semiotics, especially of images and maps. Books in Portuguese: Panorama of Semiotics from Plato to Peirce (1995), Semiotics in the 20th Century (1996), Semiotics: Bibliografia comentada (1999, with Lucia Santaella), Imagem: Cognition, Semiotics, Media (4th ed. 2005, with Lucia Santaella), Semiotics and Communication (2004, with L. Santaella), Word and Image in the Media (2008 with L. Santaella), Semiotic Strategies in Advertising (2010 with L. Santaella) and Handbook of Semiotics (in press, [EDUSP]). Curriculum: schools ? Born: September 12, 1944 in Gerolzhofen, Bavaria (Germany) ? 1961/1962: US High School in Collingswood, N.J., USA (Diploma 1962) ? 1963: Abitur at Gymnasium Martin Katharineum (founded 1415) in Braunschweig, Germany ? 1965-69: Studies at the universities of Münster, Geneva (1966-67), Lisbon, and Bochum; MA in linguistics and English literature 1969 ? 1971: Dr. phil, summa cum laude, Ruhr-Universität Bochum in Philosophy (university award: ?outstanding thesis? 1971) ? 1976: Habilitation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. University and Academic Career ? 1969-75: Research Assistant Lecturer in English Linguistics and Semiotics (Prof. Walter A. Koch), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany ? 1976-77: Lecturer in English Linguistics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany ? 1977-78: Professor (C4) University of Aachen, Germany ? 1978-2009: Full Professor (C4) in English Linguistics and Semiotics, Universität Kassel, Germany ? 1982-83 and 1995-97: Dean (Dekan) and Vice-Dean of Faculty ? 1985-86: Visiting Professor (Fulbright), University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, USA ? 1994- Visiting Professor (COS and TIDD), PUC São Paulo ? 1995-2008: Member and from 1999-2008 Director, Center for Cultural Research, University of Kassel (2002-2008: IAG) ? Since 2009 Emeritus of the University of Kassel. Since 2011 professor in Cognitive Semiotics at TIDD, PUC-SP.

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Published

2020-12-14

Issue

No. 21 (2020): Humanidades Digitais

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Artigos

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