Data colonialism and independent RPGs
practices of creators in digital platforms
Keywords:
game studies, RPG, data colonialism, platform capitalismAbstract
This paper discusses how a group of independent tabletop RPG developers use the digital space to distribute their products. The technique of participant observation was used in the research to understand the practices performed by a group of independent creators in Latin America, titled RPGLatam. Aware that they operate in digital networks from a marginalized position — as denizens in the Global South —, these creators articulate a series of practices to try and minimize the possible negative outcomes that such marginalization would have upon them and their products. Some of these practices include using digital systems in ways that they were not designed for. Four practices are discussed in this paper, contextualized under the light of platform capitalism: 1) using the English language; 2) a support network; 3) community copies, and 4) itchfunding.
References
CARNEIRO, Alexander. Jogo e capitalismo de plataforma no Sul Global: um estudo do coletivo de criadores RPGLatam. 2023. Dissertação (Mestrado em Comunicação) – Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. João Pessoa, 2023. p. 111.
CARNICELLI, Sandro; UVINHA, Ricardo. Leisure, inequalities and the Global South. Leisure Studies, 2023.
CHALK, Alex. Producing Play: the political economy of “Actual Play” media. 2022. Toronto. Doutorado. York University, 2022. 197 p.
COULDRY, Nick; MEJIAS, Ulises. The costs of connection: how data is colonizing human life and appropriating it for capitalism. 1, Stanford: Stanford Press, 2019. 323 p.
D&D Beyond. Welcome to the world of Dungeons & Dragons. s.d. Disponível em: https:// www.dndbeyond.com/. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2023.
FALCÃO, Thiago; MACEDO, Tarcizio; KURTZ, Gabriela. Conservadorismo e masculinidade tóxica na cultura gamer: uma aproximação a Magic: The Gathering. MATRIZes, v. 15 n. 2, p. 251-277. 2021.
FALCÃO, Thiago; MUSSA, Ivan; MARQUES, Daniel. #BOYCOTTBLIZZARD: capitalismo de plataforma e a colonização do jogo. Contracampo, v. 39, n. 2, p. 59-78, 2020.
FRANKLIN, Anthony David. Communal narrative in actual playenvironments: roles of participants, observers and their intersections. In: JONES, Shelly. (org.). Watch us roll: essays on actual play and performance in tabletop role-playing games. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, 2021. p. 74-87.
FREEMIUM. In: Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Disponível em: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/freemium. Acesso em: 15 maio 2023.
GROHMANN, Rafael. Plataformização do trabalho: entre a dataficação, a financeirização e a racionalidade neoliberal. Revista Eptic, v. 22, n. 1, p. 106-122, 2020.
HAN, Byung-Chul. Psicopolítica: o neoliberalismo e as novas técnicas de poder. 1. ed., Belo Horizonte: Âyiné, 2020. 102 p.
HJARVARD, Stig. The mediatization of Culture and Society. 1. ed., Abingdon: Routledge, 2013. 192 p.
ITCH. itch.io privacy policy. 2018. Disponível em: https://itch.io/docs/legal/privacy-policy. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2023.
ITCH. Exclusive content & rewards. s.d. Disponível em: https://itch.io/docs/creators/ exclusive-content. Acesso em: 17 mar. 2023.
KWET, Michael. Digital colonialism: US empire and the new imperialism in the Global South. Race & Class, v. 60, n. 4, p. 3-26, 2019.
KOCH, Stefan; BIERBAMER, Michael. Opening your product: impact of user innovations and their distribution platform on video game success. Electronic Markets, v. 26, n. 4, 2016.
KURTZ, Gabriela. “Respeita aí”: os discursos e a subversão das regras como manifestação da violência simbólica de gênero nos jogos digitais Dota 2 e League of Legends. 2019. Tese (Doutorado em Comunicação) – Faculdade de Biblioteconomia e Comunicação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, 2019. p. 300.
LAVADO, Thiago. Como jogos de tabuleiro e de cartas viraram fenômenos online. Exame, São Paulo: 20 de mar. 2021. Tecnologia. Disponível em: https://exame.com/tecnologia/ como-jogos-de-tabuleiro-e-de-cartas-viraram-fenomenos-online/. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2023.
MARIETTO, Marcio Luiz. Observação participante e não participante: contextualização teórica e sugestão de roteiro para aplicação dos métodos. Revista Ibero Americana de Estratégia, v. 17, n. 4, p. 5-18, 2018.
MALDONADO-TORRES, Nelson. On the Coloniality of Being. Cultural Studies, v. 21, n. 2-3, 2007.
MARKS, Tom. Report: Steam’s 30% Cut Is Actually the Industry Standard. IGN, São Francisco, 7 de out. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/10/07/report-steams-30-cut-is-actually-the-industry-standard. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2023.
MORTENSEN, Torill Elvira. Anger, Fear, and Games: The Long Event of #GamerGate. Games and Culture, v. 13, n. 8, p. 787-806, 2018.
OS, G.L. Diversity and audience interaction in critical role and the adventure zone. In: JONES, Shelly. (org.). Watch us roll: essays on actual play and performance in tabletop role-playing games. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, 2021. p. 88-117.
QUIJANO, Aníbal. Coloniality and modernity/rationality. Cultural Studies, v. 21, n. 2, p. 168–178, 2007.
RICAURTE, Paola. Data epistemologies, the coloniality of power, and resistance. Television and New Media, v. 20, n. 4, p. 350-365, 2019.
SCHNEIER, Bruce. Data and Goliath: the hidden battles to collect your data and control your world. 1. ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015. 448 p.
SCRIVEN, Paul. From tabletop to screen: playing Dungeons and Dragons during COVID-19. Societies, v. 11, n. 4, [s.p.], 2021.
SICART, Miguel. Playful capitalism, or play as an Instrument of capital. Contracampo, v. 40, n. 2, [s. p.], 2021.
SRNICEK, Nick. Platform Capitalism. 1. ed. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2016. 120 p.
ŠVELCH, Jan. Mediatization of a card game: Magic: The Gathering, esports, and streaming. Media, Culture & Society, v. 42, n. 6, p. 838-856, 2019.
TYNI, Heikki. Games crowdfunding as aform of platformised cultural production. 2020. Tampere. Doutorado. Tampere University, 2020. 208 p.
VAN DIJCK, José; POELL, Thomas; DE WAAL, Martijn. The Platform Society: public values in a connective world. 1. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. 238 p.
WIZARDS OF THE COAST. Privacy policy. 2023. Disponível em: https://company.wizards. com/en/legal/wizards-coasts-privacy-policy. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Galaxia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
I cede the copyrights to publication of my article to Galaxia journal and will consult the journal’s scientific editor should I decide to republish it later in a book.