Frailty: What phenotype criteria have the most influence on the occurrence of this syndrome in older people?

Adrielle Cavalcanti de Pontes Araújo; Poliana Coelho Cabral; Alessandra Barbosa Silva; Ana Célia Oliveira dos Santos

doi:10.23925/1984-4840.2021v23i3/4a4

Authors

Adrielle Cavalcanti de Pontes Araújo Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UPE). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição, – Recife (PE), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7197-0309
Poliana Coelho Cabral Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UPE). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição, – Recife (PE), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-4823
Alessandra Barbosa Silva Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UPE). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição, – Recife (PE), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-8514
Ana Célia Oliveira dos Santos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UPE). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição, – Recife (PE), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-5684

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23925/1984-4840.2021v23i3/4a4

Keywords:

aging, frailty, gait, odds ratio, frail elderly, phenotype

Abstract

Objective: determine the extent to which each criterion of the frailty phenotype (either alone or grouped) contributes to the emergence of the syndrome in older people. Methods: observational and analytical study was conducted with 219 male and female older people in outpatient care. The evaluation of frailty syndrome was based on the phenotype proposed by Fried et al., the criteria of which are unintentional weight loss, self-reported fatigue, low grip strength, insufficient physical activity and slow gait. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of each criterion of the phenotype alone or grouped. Results: a total of 219 individuals participated in the study. The most common frailty criterion was slowness in both frail and pre-frail individuals. Pre-frail individuals with slow gait were 9.42-fold more likely to become frail (OR = 9.42, 95%CI: 7.27-13.40, p = 0.001). The model with all five criteria explained 99.5% of frailty in the sample. Conclusion: slow gait was the most frequent frailty criterion in frail and pre-frail individuals. Therefore, this criterion seems to be the best predictor of frailty in older people and warrants close observation on the part of healthcare providers.

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