Gota úrica e doença cardiovascular

Libby P, Ridker PM. Inflammation and atherothrombosis. From population biology and bench research to clinical practice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48(Suppl.7):A33-46.

Sanz J, Moreno PR, Fuster V. The year in atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49:1740-9.

Heo KS, Fujiwara K, Abe J. Disturbed-flow-mediated vascular reactive oxygen species induce endothelium dysfunction. Circ J. 2011; 75:2722-30.

George J, Carr E, Davies J, Belch JJF, Struthers A. High-dose allopurinol improves endothelial function by profoundly reducing vascular oxidative stress and not by lowering uric acid. Circulation. 2006; 114:2508-16.

George J, Struthers A. The role of urate and xanthine oxidase in vascular oxidative stress: future directions. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2009; 5:799-803.

Higgins P, Dawson J, Lees KR, McArthur K, Quinn TJ, Walters MR. Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Ther. 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00277.x.

Rajendra NS, Ireland S, George J, Belch JJ, Lang CC, Struthers AD. Mechanistic insights into the therapeutic use of high-dose allopurinol in angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58:820-8.

Kelkar A, Kuo A, Frishman WH. Allopurinol as a cardiovascular drug. Cardiol Rev. 2011; 19:265-71.

Neogi T, George J, Rekhraj S, Struthers AD, Choi H, Terkeltaub RA. Are either or both hyperuricemia and xanthine oxidase directly toxic to the vasculature? Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64:327-38.

Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabó C. Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006; 58(1):87-114.

Agarwal A, Banerjee A, Banerjee UC. Xanthine oxidoreductase: a journey from purine metabolism to cardiovascular excitation-contraction coupling. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2011; 31:264-80.

George J, Struthers AD. The role of urate and xanthine oxidase inhibitors in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Ther. 2008; 26:59-64.

Riegersperger M, Covic A, Goldsmith D. Allopurinol, uric acid, and oxidative stress in cardiorenal disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011; 43:441-9.

Antony R, Dargie HJ. Allopurinol for chronic stable angina: old drug, new ticks? Lancet. 2010; 375:2126-7.

Goicochea M, Vinuesa SG, Verdalles U, Ruiz Caro C, Ampuero J, Rincón A, et al. Effect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 5:1388-93.

Tousolis D, Briasoulis A, Papageorgiou N, Tsioufis C, Tsiamis E, Toutouzas K, et al. Oxidative stress and endothelial function: therapeutic interventions. Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2011; 6:103-14.