Non-complicated urinary tract infection in woman: case report and literature review

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition that occurs in all ages, affecting mainly females, with higher incidence peaks in onset of sexual activities or related to it, during pregnancy and menopause. Risk factors are: abnormal vaginal flora, hypoestrogenism states, diabetes, immunosuppression, urinary incontinence, sexual activity, use of diaphragms and spermicides, and pregnancy. The genetic predisposition to recurrent UTI cases is also reported. The signs and symptoms associated with ITU include increase urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria, change in color and appearance of urine. Abdominal pain, most notably in the topography of the hypogastrium and back, sometimes associated with fever, is a common symptom. The etiologic agents most often involved with community-acquired UTI are, in order of frequency: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus and Klebsiella species, and Enterococcus faecalis. The diagnosis of UTI is performed through the association of symptoms with the urine culture and urinalysis I. The antibiogram is very useful for defining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and thus for directing the therapy and avoiding the occurrence of microbial resistance.