Creative Ways of Not Liking Bakhtin: Lydia Ginzburg and Mikhail Gasparov

Abstract

This article contributes to our understanding of how Russians received Bakhtin’s concepts, primarily two influential Russian scholars critical of Bakhtin, each from a different perspective. The study of such criticisms is valuable, as it encourages us to re-examine our own sometimes complacent perceptions of Bakhtin’s theories. Mikhail Gasparov (1937-2005), an important classicist and preeminent scholar of verse, published virulent criticisms of Bakhtin between 1979 and 2004. His problem with Bakhtin was essentially methodological. Lydia Ginzburg (1902-1990), known for her Notes of a Blockade Person and for scholarship on the genres of diary, memoir, personal letter, and writer’s notebook, questioned the psychological presuppositions behind Bakhtin’s theories of sympathy and love. Ginzburg also had serious doubts about Bakhtin’s idea of the polyphonic novel, and his use of the opposition between the monological and the dialogical to characterize the novels of Tolstoi and Dostoevsky. A close examination of the positions of Bakhtin and Ginzburg on love reveals interesting parallels and differences. The article concludes with suggestions about how Gasparov’s and Ginsburg’s criticisms can help us read Bakhtin in creative ways.