Importance of Vaginal Cytology “Papanicolaou” in the Prevention of cervical cancer: Contributions to teaching of nursing
Vaginal cytology in the prevention of cervical cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2023v27espp-79-87Keywords:
Cervical Cancer, Vaginal Cytology, Health Promotion, Women’s Health, Screening, NursingAbstract
The discovery of cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. The vaginal cytology exam, known as Papanicolaou, is today a fundamental test in the early detection of pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix and other gynaecological infections. The implementation of screening programs using this technique has shown a reduction of between 70-80% in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer. The Pap smear was developed in the early 20th century by a noted Greek-American physician, George Papanicolaou, who dedicated his life to research in the field of cytology, and he developed a technique to collect and examine cervical cells under a microscope. In 1945, they validated using a vaginal smear as a practical test to prevent cervical cancer. Its evolution to the current technique and the implementation of screening programs were crucial for promoting women’s health and quality of life. Nurses play a fundamental role in educating women about the importance of carrying out this examination regularly, in the adequate collection of samples and in providing psycho-emotional support during the procedure. This literature review aims to systematize knowledge about the evolution of vaginal cytology and its importance in promoting women’s sexual and reproductive health. This knowledge will give us a more comprehensive and consistent approach to this procedure in teaching nursing.
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