Jael:
Intertextuality allows to see the Goddess ‘Anat winning the battle of Yahweh in Jdg 4-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2236-9937.2022v26p289-306Palabras clave:
Jael, Goddess, Bakhtin, Judges, IntertextualityResumen
After a brief analysis regarding the figure of Deborah, with this article we propose a characterization of the figure Jael in the two texts (prose and verse) of Judges 4 and 5, as well as the possible intertextual relations of her figure with specific images and contexts of the time that go back to the memories of these texts, since they are formed by varied multilayers. Despite being a polyphonic narrative in terms of modern narrative analysis theories, we do not fail to consider the memories embedded in the texts analyzed, and which constitute a fundamental role in the resistance of marginalized groups in the context of their writing. To this end, we use Bakhtin's theory of Heteroglossia and also his ideas about the presence of plurality of voices in a narrative, we also use research around Canaanite mythology and the analysis of contextual imagery around specific terms used in these texts. All this we propose in order to construct the image of the character Jael in the most explicit way possible, challenging new research and deepening regarding this imagery for the deconstruction of the silencing process of voices that groups suffered through the production of these texts.
Citas
ACKERMAN, Susan. Warrior, Dancer, Seductress, Queen: Women in Judges and Biblical Israel. New York: Doubleday, 1998.
ALTER, R. The Art of Biblical narrative. New York. Basic Books, 1981.
ALTER, R. The Hebrew Bible. Vol. 2: Prophets – Nevi’im: a translation with commentary. New York/London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2019.
AMIT, Y. Judges 4: Its Contents and Form. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. n. 12, 1987: 89-111.
ASHER-GREVE, Julia M. Feminist Research and Ancient Mesopotamia: Problems and Prospects. In: BRENNER, A.; FONTAINE, C. (ed.) A Feminist Companion to Reading the Bible: Approaches, Methods and Strategies. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.
ASSIS, Elie. “The Hand of a woman”: Deborah and Yael (Judges 4). The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. n. 5, 2005. Disponível em: http://www.jhsonline.org/Articles/article_49. pdf .
AVANZINELLI, Milka Ventura. Le donne e la violenza del sacro: storie dalla Bibbia. Religione e Societá, n. 51, 2005: 22-36.
BLEDSTEIN, Adrien Janis. Seria Juízes uma sátira feminina dos homens que brincam de Deus? In: BRENNER, Athalya (Org.). Juízes a partir de uma leitura de gênero. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2001
BRENNER, Athalya (Org.). Juízes a partir de uma leitura de gênero. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2001.
BRENNER, Athalya. Um triângulo e um losango na estrutura narrativa: uma proposta de leitura integrativa de Juízes 4 e 5. In: BRENNER, Athalya (Org.). Juízes a partir de uma leitura de gênero. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2001b, p. 123-137.
BRISON, Ora. Jael, ‘Eshet Heber the Kenite: A Diviner? In: BRENNER, Athalya and Gale Yee (ed.) Joshua and Judges. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.
BRONNER, Leila Leah. Valorizadas ou difamadas? As mulheres de Juízes nas fontes midráxicas. In: BRENNER, Athalya (Org.). Juízes a partir de uma leitura de gênero. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2001, p. 91-119.
CRAIGIE, P. C. Three Ugaritic Notes on the Song of Deborah. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, vol. 1, n. 2, 1977: 33-49.
DORSON, Richard M. Introduction. In Heroic Saga and Epic: An Introduction to the World’s Great Folk Epics. Ed. Felix J. Oinas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press: 1978.
EDER, Jens; JANNIDIS, Fotis; SCHNEIDER, Ralf. Characters in fictional worlds: understanding imaginary beings in literature, film, and other media. Berlim/New York: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2010.
EVES, Ailish Ferguson. Judges. In: EVANS, Mary J.; KROEGER, Catherine Clark. The IVP Women’s Bible Commentary. USA: InterVarsity Press, 2002, p. 128-146.
GILLMAYR-BUCHER, Susanne. Framework and Discourse in the Book of Judges. Journal of Biblical Literature. vol. 128, n. 4, 2009: 687–702. Disponível em: www.jstor.org/stable/25610214.
HOBSBAWM, Eric. Bandits. New York: Delacorte, 1969.
HOLQUIST, Michael (editor's glossary). In: M. M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.
KLEIN, Lillian R. Um estudo preliminar das personagens femininas do livro de Juízes. In: BRENNER, Athalya (org.). Juízes a partir de uma leitura de gênero. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2001.
MERCHANT, Peter. Inhabiting the Interspace: De Tabley, Judges, ‘Jael.’ Victorian Poetry. n. 36, 1998: 187– 204.
MONTANARI, Valda Campochiaro. La Donna Sacra Sotto L’albero. Deborah e Jael: Un’analisi Strutturale. (Tesi di Laurea). Bologna: Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia. Alam Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. 2012.
NIDITCH, Susan. Judges, a Commentary. Westminster John Knox, 2008.
NOTH, M. (1981) The Deuteronomistic History (JSτT Sup 1ην Sheffieldμ JSτT Press). Translation of Noth’s Überlieferungsgeschichtliche Studien p 1-110, 2nd ed., Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1957.
TAYLOR, JG. The Song of Deborah and Two Canaanite Goddesses. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. n. 23, 1982: 99-108.
UNTERMAND, A. Dicionário de Lendas e Tradições. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Ed., 1992.
VERMEULEN, Karolien. Hands, Heads, and Feet: Body Parts as Poetic Device in Judges 4-5. JBL 136, n. 4, 2017: 801-819.
ZABATIERO, Júlio Paulo Tavares. Representações de Identidade e Etnicidade do Antigo Israel. Caminhos, Goiânia, v. 4, n. 1, 2006: 253-276.
ZAKOVITCH, Yair. Sisseras Tod, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft n. 81, 1993: 364–374.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Teoliteraria - Revista de Literaturas y Teologías (On Line) ISSN 2236-9937
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
La Teoliteraria - Revista Brasileira de Literaturas e Teologías es detentora de los derechos autorales de todos los artículos publicados por ella. La reproducción total de los artículos de ésta revista en otras publicaciones, o para cualquier otro fin, por cualquier medio requiere autorización por escrito del editor de este periódico. Reproducciones parciales de artículos (resúmenes, abstrac, más de 500 palabras de texto, tablas, figuras y otras ilustraciones) deberán tener permiso por escrito del editor y de los autores.
